Abstract

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a significant health concern in Iran. This study aimed to identify predictors of preventive behaviors for gastric cancer among women in northeastern Iran using the Health Belief Model (HBM).

Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to identify the predictors of preventive behaviors for gastric cancer among women in northeastern Iran using the HBM.

Methods and Results: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 270 women in Torbat-e Heydariyeh County from December 26, 2022, to December 22, 2023.  Data on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, perceptions, and preventive behaviors were collected using a validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis were employed for data analysis. The mean age of participants was 36.67 ± 5.18 years. Knowledge, perceived severity, and self-efficacy were significantly associated with preventive behaviors. Self-efficacy emerged as the strongest predictor of preventive behaviors based on Pearson correlation analysis. Sociodemographic factors, including education, marital status, employment, and family history of gastric cancer, influenced participants' knowledge, perceptions, and subsequent preventive actions.

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that to promote preventive behaviors for gastric cancer (PBGC) among women in the region, efforts should focus on enhancing individuals' self-efficacy. This study can serve as a foundation for designing effective intervention programs.

Keywords: gastric cancer, preventive behaviors, Health Belief Model, women, Iran