6th Edition of World Nursing Science Conference 2026

Abstract

Background:
Drowning remains a major global health burden, claiming over 236,000 lives annually, with significantly more affected by non-fatal drowning outcomes. The frequency and intensity of flooding disasters due to climate change have exacerbated this burden, particularly in vulnerable coastal and low-resource settings.

Objectives:
This presentation aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the global epidemiology of drowning, clarify core definitions, highlight the critical role of bystander rescuers such as surfers and beachgoers, and explore innovations in drowning resuscitation and prevention through the lens of Surfing Medicine.

Content:
We begin by addressing the epidemiology of drowning, presenting key data and trends, and examining disparities across regions and demographics. Drowning is conceptualized as a disease of cerebral hypoxia following submersion or immersion, and we address common misconceptions and outdated terminology such as “near-drowning” and “secondary drowning.” Standardized terminology is essential for accurate data collection, policy development, and prevention strategies.

The discussion then shifts to risk exposure in dynamic water environments and the importance of individual capacity and risk assessment. We emphasize the often-overlooked role of bystander rescuers—particularly surfers—who are frequently first responders in coastal drownings. These individuals, equipped with local knowledge and physical capacity, play a pivotal role in early rescue and resuscitation.

Advanced drowning resuscitation strategies are also presented, from in-water interventions to advanced life support and extracorporeal life support (ECMO), highlighting the evolving scope of critical care in aquatic emergencies.

Finally, we introduce the work of Surfing Medicine International, a global network that unites surfers, medical professionals, and ocean enthusiasts to promote water safety education, develop context-specific training, and empower healthcare workers—especially nurses—as ambassadors of drowning prevention.

Conclusion:
Drowning is a preventable, underrecognized public health challenge. Through better epidemiological understanding, clear definitions, community engagement, and cross-disciplinary collaboration—including surfing communities and emergency medicine—progress can be made toward reducing its burden. Surfing Medicine provides a unique, passion-driven platform to bridge science, education, and local action.